Signaling bias is critical for drug discovery as it forms a selection criterion for agonism. Measuring and quantifying signaling bias reveals which candidates emphasize therapeutically beneficial pathways, and which may be falsely characterized as equivalent by single-pathway assays. Drug discovery programs that do not consider investigating for signaling bias often fail to fully understand the distinction and risk candidate molecules from advancing along the pipeline.
GPCR internalization does not end signaling — it redirects it. This article explores the assays, beta-arrestin gating mechanisms, and recycling-versus-degradation frameworks that determine receptor fate inside the cell.